Wireless receiving system



May 8, 1934. A. MAVROGENIS WIRELESS RECEIVING SYSTEM Original FiledApril 15, 1929 2 Sheets-Shea t l INVENTOR ARIfiTOTE MAVROGENIS QMQ. 1.Haw/MW A TT ORNE Y May 8, 1934.

A. MAVROGENIS WIRELESS RECEIVING SYSTEM Original Filed April 15, 1929 2Sheets-Sheet 2 FIGJL.

swim my INVENTOR ,ARIS'IOTE MAVROJQENIS, M

A TTORNEY I unit PATET @FICE il,958,l50

WERIELESS RECEIVING SYSTEM ilristcte Mavrogenis, Milwaukee, Wis.

@l'iginal application April 15, 1929, Serial No. 355,153. Divided andthis application Septemher 5, 1933, Serial No. 688,233

34 (Claims. (Cl. 250-27) This invention relates to wireless receivingvices, whereby the field producing means or unit systems, and isparticularly directed to a system is utilized to aid in smoothing outany pulsations including wireless receiving apparatus and a of'currentsupplied from the AC source to the translating device for translatingelectrical imoutput circuits or electrodes of the electron dispulsesinto mechanical motion, for example, charge devices.

sound waves. Further objects are to providea wireless receiv- An objectof the invention is to provide means ing apparatus which is so made thatthe rectifyin a radio receiving apparatus having amplifying ingapparatusand the associated electrical cirmeans; detecting means, and atranslating device cults may be very much simplified due to the usehaving field producing means, which means enof the field producing meansor unit of the transables different parts of the system to be suppliedlating device, in which a compact and simple from an alternating orvariable current source, arrangement is provided and in which the systemsuch, for example, as the city electric lighting may be made atarelativelysmall manufacturing and power circuit, without anyobjectionable discost.

turbance due to the variations of potential or Further objects are toprovide a radio receiv current from this source. ing system having aplurality. of cooperating elec- Further objects of this invention are to'protron discharge devices adapted to be supplied v a n v l sys m h vi aurce f en rgy from an alternating or variable current source or pp y, atranslatin dev ce provided with a field supply means, in which at leastone of the elec- 20 pr i m ns r ni n el c ron dischar e tron dischargedevices has an indirectly heated 7 devices so associated with the fieldproduci g cathode connected to an anode through at least means or unitof the translating device that the a part of an electrical circuitincluding rectifying source supplies the output circuit or circuits ofmeans or current converting means with or withon r a plu y of electrondis h rg devices out smoothing means, and in whichatranslating and alsothe field producing means or unit of the devi i employed whose fieldproducing means translating device. is supplied from the alternating orvariable cur- This invention is an. improvement over the in r nt sourceor supply means, and in which the vention disclosed in my application S.N. 669,490, field producing means may aid in smoothing out filed October19, 1923, for a Wire ess ece v pulsations in at least a part of therectified our- 30 sysiem, inwhich atranslating device is employed rentsupplied one or more of the electron dishaving field producing meanssupplied from an charge devices. alternating current source, and inwhich the field Another object is to provide a radio receiving producingmeans is energized from the alternatsystem, in which the field producingmeans or ing current source and may aid in smoothing out field windingof the translating device is pr pulsations in the rectified currentsupplied to an vided th tap hi h is adapted to be on ected 0 element ofh V m tubes employed in h to anypoint of the system or to the electrodesof system, all Of the tubes being energized from Said the vacuum tubesthereof, such as grids-or screen alternating current source. The presentcase in id for maintaining th same ,1; suitable p0- fact contains manyof the disclosures also appeart t l from a power u ing in Sald. earlierapplication N. I A further object is to provide a radio receiver It isthe usual practice where translating dein which a plurality of filtereactances or vices are employed, such, for example, as dynamicductances is employed which devices are com loud speakers, to utilize astorage battery for nected at various pointsto the anodes or anodesupplying ji field for the e i circuits of the thermionic devices, andin which and to utlhze separate B battery or B one of the saidreactances or inductances forms nator for supplying the output circuitsof the vacuum tubes. This arrangement necessitates an 2 field producmgmeans of the translatmg de elaborate equipment which is expensive andwhich Another object is to provide a radio receiver,

has a lar e number of elements or parts. 53 This iniention isdesigned'to overcome the dem Whlch field plfedlicme means Wmdmg 1 5fects noted above, and further objects are to prome translatlflg deviceemployed to Secure vide a novel arrangement of connections between VerseOperatmg Potenlilals the vaclllltn tube the translating device, thesource of alternating electrodes, u h as the a d s r anode circuits.current, and the output or anode circuits or elec- A further obje t isto provide a radio receivtrodes of a plurality of electron dischargedeing system, in which a plurality of current conv verting or rectifyingcircuits are employed which have a plurality-of pcmitive outputterminals.

Another object is to provide a radio receiver, in which means areembodied to protect the vacuum tubes and/or the translating device fromexcessive operating voltages.

A further object of the invention is to provide a radio receiver,wherein means are provided across the field producing means of thetranslating device for securing suitable and/or different operatingpotentials for the thermionic devices thereof, from a power source.

A further object of this invention is to provide a system, in which thefield producing means or unit of the translating device cooperates withother parts of the system to provide a constant voltage for some pointin the system.

Further objects of the inventionwill appear hereinafter as thedescription proceeds.

This case is a division of my application S. N. 355,153, filed April 15,1929.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, inwhich: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing one form of theinvention, in which the output circuits of all the tubes are suppliedthrough a field unit of the translating device.

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view, in which a plurality of the tubes aresupplied through the translating device, the two rectifiers being shownin Figure 2 as separate units.

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view showing a further form of the inventionand a different manner of associating the field producing means or unitof the translating device.

Figure 4 is a still further form of the invention.

Figure 5 is a sectional view, partly diagrammatic, showing one of themany forms that the translating device maytalre.

Referring to Figure 1 showing the first form or the invention, it willbe seen that a plurality of electron discharge devices 1, 2, 3 and ihave been shownasinterconnected or associated with each other in awireless receiving system. If desired, the first tube 1 may be a radiofrequency ampliher, the second tube 2 may be a detector, the third tube3 may be an audio frequency amplifier, and the fourth tube 4 may be apower amplifier.

Each of the tubes is provided with a filament 5,

and the filaments are connected in parallel and supplied withalternating current from the secondary 6 of atransformer. The centerpoint of the secondary is connected to the bus-bar 7 and one side ofeach of the grid circuits is connected to this bus-bar. Any suitablemeans for tuning the desired circuits of the system may be employed,(and if desired, a resistance 8 may be placed in' the grid circuit ofthe first tube to suppress oscillations, and a volume control 9 may 'beplacedin the grid circuit of the audio frequency amplifier 3.

The supply transformer is provided with a primary 10 connected to thesupply main and in the form shown in Figure 1 this transformer is proofthe secondary 14 is connected to the negative bus-bar or conductor 16 ofthe electrical filter circuits, and bus-bar 16is connected also to thecenter point or neutral point of the secondary 6.

The other side of the filter system or supply system is connected to thecenter point of the secondary 11. This circuit leads through a chokecoil 17, through the winding of a field unit 18 of a translatingdevice,- such as a dynamic loud speaker, and to the positive end of aresistance 19. The negative end of the resistance is connected to theconductor or bus-bar 16.

It is apparent from the description thus far given that current .fiowsfrom one or the other of the anodes 15 of the rectifier, to the cathode12' from a neutral point of the secondary 11, through the choke coil 17,through the field producing means or unit 18 of the loud speaker,through the resistance 19, and back to the neutral point of thesecondary 1%. 1

These electrical circuits may constitute filter circuits and may besupplied with appropriate filter condensers-20, 21 and 22, thecondensers 20 the field producing means or unit of the loud speaker orother translating device, the size of the parts of the filter circuitmay be greatly reduced, with consequent reduction of the cost ofmanufacture and with an increase in compact ness. The fieldproducingmeans or unit of the translating device supplies a largeimpedance which cooperates directly with the other parts of theelectrical circuits in smoothing out pulsations in the rectifiedcurrent.

Any suitable connection may be provided from the plates or anodes of theseveral tubes to the supply system or filter system. For example, theplates of the tubes 1 and 3 may be connected to a selected point of theresistance 19 by means of the conductor 23, the plate of the detectortube may be connected to a different selected point by means of theconductor 24, and the plate of the power amplifier 4 may be connectedthrough a suitable device coupled to the loud speaker and with aselected point, for example, the positive terminal of the resistance 19,as shown in Figure 1. The plate circuit of the power amplifier isconnected to the moving coil or receiving coil of the translating devicein any suitable manner, as by means of a transformer housed in thecasing 25 carried by the translating device 26, in accordance with theusual practice, although it is to be distinctly understood that anyappropriate method may be followed for connecting the receiving coil orarmature member of the translating device to the desired output circuit.

It is to be noted that, with reference to Figure 1 or.Figure 2,hereinafter described, the resistance 19 may be either a continuousresistance member or a plurality of distinct elements arranged either inseries or in parallel and supplied from the alternating supply sourcethrough the current converting or rectifying device, as shown in Figure3, if so desired. 4

By-pass condensers 27 and 28 are provided for by-passing the differentportions of the resistance 1 19 as shown in Figure 1, so that thevariable portion of the different cathode-plate currents do not have totraverse the resistance 19. The con- ,denser 29 by-passes the field unit18. This last mentioned on denser 29 may be omitted if desired.

This improves the clarity of reception and also the volume.

It may be found desirable to provide one or more of the electrondischarge devices with equipotential or indirectly heated cathodes. Forinstance, the detector tube 2 has been shown in Figure 1 as providedwith anequipotential or indirectly heated cathode 3O heated by thefilament and connected to the conductor '7 and, consequently, to thenegative side of the filter system or supply system. Referring to Figure1, it will be seen that, although a single current converting orrectifying device is embodied in the system for supplying a unilateralcurrent at a mean potential of a certain value for a given setting, the

' anodes of the electron discharge devices are adapted to be suppliedwith different suitable potentials and need not all be supplied at thesame potential. Very clearly, if desired, several electron dischargedevices may be supplied at the same potential.

Figure 2 shows a further form of the invention employing the sameprinciples as those illustrated in Figure l, but showing a slightlydifferent arrangement. In the form shown in Figure 2, a resistance 31 isbridged across the secondary 6 or filament secondary of the transformerand is connected to the neutral or negative bus-bar '7 of the system andalso to the negative bus-bar 16 of the filter circuits or electricalsupply circuits. The secondary 14 is connected to the plates 32 and 33of the rectifiers 34 and 35. The center point of the secondary 14 -isconnected to the bus-bar 16. The filaments or heaters 36 and 37 of therectifiers may be connected in parallel and supplied from the secondary11. The center point or neutral point of the secondary 11 is connectedto the filter'system in the same manner as that previously described.The tubes 1, 2 and 3 are supplied from the filter system by connectingtheir plates with appropriate 'points of the resistance 19.

It is to be noted that in the form shown in Figure 2 all of the platecurrent for the tubes 1, 2 and 3 passes through the field unit 18 of thetranslating device 26. However, the plate of the power amplifier 4 isconnected to a point in the filter system, indicated by the referencecharacter 38, in advance of the field unit 18 of the translating device.In other words, the plate current of the power amplifier in this form ofthe invention does not pass through the field producing meansor unit ofthe translating device. The anode or anode circuit of any of the tubes1, 2 and 3 is; therefore, maintained at a potential difierent from thatapplied to the anode, or to the anode circuit, of tube 4 by means ofthis field unit or winding, inasmuch as a voltage drop is produced inthis field winding due to the fiow of current which is suppliedtherethrough to the anode or anode circuit of any of these tubes 1, 2and 3.

It is to be distinctly understood that other arrangements could be madeand the current supplying any given tube or any group of tubes could bepassed through the field producing means or unit of the translatingdevice.

In the form shown in Figure 3 a regenerative detector 39 is employed andits output circuit is coupled or connected to the audio frequencyamplifier 40, which is, in turn, coupled or connected to the audiofrequency amplifier or power tube 41. These tubes have their filamentsor cathodes connected in parallel and supplied with rectified current,the terminals of the filament circuits being connected across theelement 42 of a resistance. Of course, the cathode of any of said tubes,such as that of tube 39, for instance, may be an indirectly heatedcathode, as shown in .Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, and may be alsoenergized in similar manner to the cathodes of the tubes of said Fig. 1,Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, if so desired. The element 42 of the resistance isconnected by means of a tap switch 43 to any desired point of theresistance element 44. The resistance element 44, similarly, may beconnected by means of a tap switch 45 to any desired point of theresistance element 46. The resistance made up of the elements 42, 44 and46 is connected to the output terminals 47 and 48 of a filter systemhereinafter described.

The terminal 47 may be positive and the terminal 48 negativeasindicated.

The filter system or electrical supply circuits may, in this case,comprise a rectifier provided with an anode 49 and a cathode or filament50. The anode 49 or plate of the rectifier is connected to one end ofthe supply secondary 51, the primary 52 of the supply transformer beingconnected to the mains, as shown also in Figures 1 and 2. The other sideof the secondary 51 is connected to the negative terminal 48 aspreviously mentioned.

The cathode or element of the rectifier is connected through a suitablechoke coil 53 with the anode or plate 54 of a current limiting device.The current limiting device is provided with an equipotential cathode 55heated by a filament 56. The cathode 55 of the currentlimiting device isconnected to the positive terminal 47. The rectifier and currentlimiting device may take the form of that disclosed in my Patent No.1,671,598 for rectifiers issued May 29, 1928, the current limitingdevice acting to hold the current at a fixed predetermined value, aswell as acting as a resistance or impedance device, thereby aiding insmoothing out pulsations in the rectified current. The choke coil 53 andcondenser 57 serve to at least partly suppress the pulsations in therectified current prior to' their arrival at the current limitingdevice.

Inasmuch as the current limiting device gives a substantially constantcurrent for any given setting of the rheostat of its filament, it isapparent that, when the number of tubes is varied, some by-passing meansis preferably provided for by-passing a portion of the current from thecurrent limiting device. For example a by-pass resistance 58 may bebridged across the terminals 47 and 48, any suitable value of theresistance being selected by means of the tap switch 59.

It is apparent from the description given above that through one or moreof the switches 43, 45 and 59 a shunt path or shunt paths, a shortcircuit or short circuits, may be established around a portion orportions of the compositeresistance 42 to 46, or through the resistance58 or a portion thereof respectively, whereby the anode potential orpotentials of the tube/ or tubes remaining in operation is or areprevented from being unduly increased, when either the field producingmeans of the translating device 26 or one or more of the tubes of thesystem is or are not simultaneously supplied from same power supplysource .or means. r I

tubes or electron discharge devices-also may be connected at the desiredpoints and may thus be supplied by the rectified current. Further, thefield producing means or unit 18 of the translating device 26 may beconnected to suitable points of the composite resistance and may thus beenergized. In fact, the said composite resistance and resistance 44 aremounted in shunt to said field winding or unit, which is shown in detailin Figure 5 and designated by'reference character 77.

A resistance 44' is bridged between the output circuits and the negativeterminals of the electron discharge devices, and is used to by-passcurrent from the output circuits of the devices, as this current varies,whereas the current limiting device maintains a steady current.

It is to be noted in connection with Figure 3 that the field unit of theloud speaker is in parallel to the composite resistance and,consequently, is in efiect in parallel to the plate circuits of theelectron discharge devices.

Figure 4. shows a still further form of the invention. The arrangementof electron discharge devices is substantially similar to that describedin connection with Figures 1 and 2. The filaments, however, are arrangedin two groups and are supplied by two distinct secondaries. The centerpoint or neutral point of each of these secondaries 61 and 61 isconnected to the corresponding neutral bus-bar 62 and 62, respective-Further, the secondary 60 is employed to supply the filament 63 of therectifiers 64 and 65. The plate 66 of the rectifier 64 is connected tothe negative end of the resistance 6'7. The other end of the resistance67 is connected through a choke coil 68 to one end of the secondary 69for the rectifiers. The other end of the secondary 69 is similarlyconnected to one end of a choke coil 70, the choke coil I0 beingconnected to the positive terminal of the resistance 71, the negativeterminal of such resistance being connected to the plate of therectifier 65.

The center point of the secondary 69 is connccted to the center point ofsecondary 60. Suitable filter condensers are provided as indicated at 72and '73, and 72 and 73', and may be associated with the choke coils 68and 70, as shown in Figure 4. The terminals of the field unit 18 of thetranslating device 26 may be connected to the resistance 6'7, as shownin Figure 4, also suitable by-pass condensers 74, 75 and 76 maybeprovided as shown in Figure 4' and may operate in substantially themanner previously described in connection with Figure 1. Further theplates of the diii'erent tubes may be connected to selected points ofthe resistance 67, or of the resistance '71, as shown in Figure 4. Thelast tube 4 may, if desired, be a power amplifier.

It is to be noted in connection with the last described form of theinvention that the field producing means or unit 18 of the translatingdevice isin effect parallel to the plate circuits of the electrondischarge devices. Similarly, the said field unit or winding is ineffect in parallel with resistance 67. It will be seen, therefore, thata novel circuit arrangement is provided by this invention in a radioreceiver, which reduces any possible undesirable inter-part orinterstage coupling, improves theoperating characteristics of thereceiver, and renders the operating voltage or current supply for thevarious parts ofthe apparatus more flexible, and thereby secures asmoother and more stable operation thereof.

Any suitable form of translating device may be employed. For instance,it is apparent that the receiving coil of the translating device may bea movable coil connected to the diaphragm of a horn or to a cone or maybe connected to any other part which is to be mechanically moved.Obviously link mechanism could be interposed between the movablereceiving coil and the diaphragm or cons, if so desired. Further, it isobvious that the receiving coil could be a stationary coil, as incertain types of loud speakers. One form, however, has been chosen forillustration and is shown in Figure 5. The field producing means or unit18 is energized by a field coil 77 which may be wound about a circularcore 78. The outer shell furnishes the return magnetic circuit. A disk79 is connected to the outer end of the outer shell and is provided witha circular aperture through which the reduced portion 80 of the circularcore passes. Between the disk 79 and the circular core, the receivingcoil or armature member 81 of the translating device is positioned. Thisreceiving coil is, in the form shown, a moving coil and is connected tothe diaphragm 82 of a horn; in fact, the moving coil is carried by thediaphragm of the horn or cone in the form shown in Figure 5. Thereceiving coil 81 may be connected to the output circuit of the lasttube by means of a small transformer enclosed in the casing 25 andhaving a primary 83 and a secondary 84 connected to the receiving coilas shown in Figure 5. It is, obvious, however, that the receiving coilor armature member could be connected to the output circuit of the lasttube or power amplifier in any desired manner.

It is to be understood that the translating device may take other forms,and the receiving coil may be replaced by any device responsive tovariations in the electrical energy supplied to the receiving unit.

It is to be noted, when the usual choke coil is used in the smoothingmeans, that there is a loss of power therein due to the impedance of thechoke coil. This loss is a complete waste. In this invention the fieldunit of the translating device acts also as a choke coil and produces auseful. field as well. Thus a considerable part of the power ordinarilywasted in the usual choke coil is efiiectively utilized for the usefulpurpose of producing the field of the translating device.

It is apparent that the impedance of the field unit can be made anyvalue desired. For instance, it may be made sufficiently large to whollyreplace the choke coil.

The field producing means or unit of the loud speaker may be utilizedfor a further purpose. For example, it is sometimes desirable to have apoint of fixed potential in the receiving system as, for instance, whenscreen grid tubes are employed. This is easily accomplished by providinga tap or intermediate point 85 in the winding of the loud speaker, sothat the desired potential drop, and consequently the desired potential,may be obtained without the use of auxiliary resistances, such as 19 or42, 44 and 46, or 67 or 71, or other apparatus. This arrangement isparticularly useful, when the field unit is connected in parallel withthe output or power supply circuits, as clearly shown in Figure 3 andFigure 4.

While one form or type of translating device has been given as oneexample of the many embodiments that the invention may take, it is to beunderstood that any other suitable, similar or equivalent translatingdevice, adapted to translate electrical impulses or variations intomechanical motion or sound and having field producing means requiring aunilateral current or potential for its excitation, may be equally wellused without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as setforth in the appended claims. 7

Further, it is to be noted that while one form of current convertingmeans has been given in the drawings as an example, it is to beunderstood that any other equivalent or similar current converting meansmay be employed without departing from the spirit and scope of thisinvention.

It will be seen that a novel form of wireless receiving system has beenprovided by this invention in which the field producing means or unit ofthe translating device and the output circuits of one or more of theelectron discharge devices are supplied from the same source through oneor more electrical circuits.

Further, it will be seen that in certain forms of the invention thefield producing means or unit itself furnishes a portion of theimpedance in the filter system or filter circuit.

For the sake of definiteness itis to be noted that super-audiofrequencies are defined as frequencies above the audio range.

It is to be clearly understood that while the drawings and specificationdisclose only a few embodiments of the invention, which are given merelyas examples, the invention is by no means limited to the exact form orforms or to the number of electron discharge devices or to the precisecircuit connections as indicated, or to a particular system, orarrangement of circuits in radio receiving work or vacuum tube systems,but various changes or modifications both in the electron dischargedevices and in the circuit connections are contemplated and are to beconsidered as being within the scope and spirit of the invention asdeveloped in the claims. Therefore, although this invention has beendescribed in considerable detail, it is to be understood that suchdescription is intended as illustrative rather than limiting, as theinvention may be variously embodied and is to be interpreted as claimed.

In construing the appended claims it should be clearly understood thatthe expression a number appearing in some of said claims has its mathmatical meaning, namely, an integer, in the present case, which may beeither unity or a larger number. In other words, said term as used inthe present case is of the same scope as one or more.

I claim:

1. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of alternatingcurrent supply means, detecting and amplifying means including aplurality of electron discharge devices, said discharge devices havingcold and cathode electrodes and being mounted in cascade, the cathode ofa number of said discharge devices being an indirectly heated cathodeprovided with cathode heating means, rectifying means 'mechanicallydistinct from said detecting means for supplying cold electrodepotential from said. currentsupply means, circuit connections forheating the cathodes of said discharge devices from said current supplymeans, an electrodynamic sound reproducer having an armature windingsupplied with electrical impulses from the last electron dischargedevice of the cascade in said apparatus and-having a. field windingconductively connected to said rectifying means and energized withrectified current from said current supply means through said rectifyingmeans substantially independently of the heating current ac tuating thecathodes of said discharge devices, and circuit connections conductivelyconnecting said rectifying means to the corresponding cathode and coldelectrodes of a plurality of said discharge devices substantiallyindependently of said field winding.

2. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combi nation of an alternatingcurrent supply source, detecting and amplifying means, said detectingand amplifying means including a plurality of electron discharge deviceshaving current-heated cathode and anode electrodes, said detecting meanshaving indirectly heated cathode and anode electrodes, said amplifyingmeans including an audio frequency amplifier, rectifying meansmechanically distinct from the electrodes of said detecting means forsupplying anode positive potential from said current supply source, anelectrodynamic sound reproducer having a movable coil supplied withelectrical impulses from said audio amplifier and having a field windingconductively connected to said rectifying means and supplied therefromwith rectified current and energized substantially independently of theheating current actuating the cathodes of a plurality of said dischargedevices, and circuit connections conductively connecting said rectifyingmeans to the anode and cathode electrodes of a plurality of saiddischarge devices substantially independently of said field winding.

3. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of a plurality ofthermionic devices mounted in cascade and having current-heated cathodeand anode electrodes, current supply means mechanically distinct fromthe cathodes of said thermionic devices, impedance means connected tosaid current supply means and to a number of said thermionic devices forsupplying suitable anode positive potential from said current supplymeans, and a translating device having an armature member supplied fromthe output of the last thermionic device of the cascade in saidapparatus and having a field winding conductively connected to saidcurrent supply means, and circuit connections whereby said field windingis actuated from said current supply means substantially independentlyof the heating current energizing the cathodes of said thermionicdevices and actuated substantially independently of the anode-cathodecurrent supplied from said current supply means in said apparatus.

4. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of a plurality ofthermionic devices,

mounted in cascade and having current-heated cathode and anodeelectrodes, an operating current source, rectifying means, resistancemeans connected to said source through saidrectifying means and to a.number of said thermionic devices for maintaining suitable anode-cathodepotentials in said apparatus, and a translating device having anarmature coil supplied from the output of said apparatus and havingfield producing means conductively connected to said source, and ircuitconnections whereby said field producing means is actuated from saidour. rent source substantially independently of the heating currentenergizing the cathodes of said thermionic devices and actuatedsubstantially independently of the anode-cathode current supplied tosaid thermionic devices from said source.

5. In a radio receiving system, the combination of a source of operatingcurrent, rectifying means supplied from said source, detecting andamplifying means including a plurality of cooperating electron dischargedevices having cathode and anode electrodes, a translating device havinga field winding and having an armature member associated with the outputcircuit of one of said discharge devices, means conductively connectingthe return of said cathodes and one side of said field winding to onepoint of said source independently of said cathodes, and meansconductively connecting through said rectifying means another point ofsaid source to a second side of said field winding and to the anodes ofa plurality of said discharge devices independently of said fieldwinding.

6. In a radio receiving system, the combination of current supply means,current converting means supplied from said current supply means,amplifying and detecting means including a plurality of electrondischarge devices having cathode and anode electrodes, a translatingdevice adapted to be actuated with signal energy from one of saidelectron discharge devices and having field producing means actuatedindependently of the heating current activating the oathodes of saiddischarge devices, resistance means supplied from said current supplymeans through said current converting means, means conductivelyconnecting said resistance means and the anodes of certain at least ofsaid discharge devices to one point of said current sup--. ply meansthrough said current converting means independently of said fieldproducing means, and means conducti ely connecting said field producingmeans and the cathodes of said discharge devices to a second point ofsaid current supply means.

7. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of alternatingcurrent supply means, detecting and amplifying means including aplurality of electron discharge devices, the cathode of at least one ofsaid discharge devices being an indirectly heated cathode, rectifyingmeans for supplying anode positive potential to certain at least of saiddischarge devices from said current supply means, and an electrodynamicsound reproducer'having an armature winding actuated with electricalimpulses from an electron discharge device of said apparatus and havinga field winding conductively connected to said rectifying means, saidfield winding having at least a part supplied with rectified currentfrom said rectifying means, said rectifying means being conductivelyconnected between the anode and cathode electrodes of one at least ofsaid discharge devices independently of at least a part of said fieldwinding and being conductively connected between the anode and cathodeelectrodes of another of said discharge devices through at least a partof said field winding.

8. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of aso'urce ofcurrent, :detecting and amplifing means including a plurality ofelectron discharge devices having cathode and anode electrodes, thecathode of a number of said discharge devices being an indirectly heatedcathode, and an electrodynamic sound reproducer having a field windingconductively connected to said source and supplied therefrom, saidsource being conductively connected to the anode and cathode electrodesof a discharge device in .said apparatus substantially independently ofsaid field winding for maintaining a voltage between said anode andcathode electrodes and 'one of said reactors forming the field windingof an electrodynamic sound reproducer, and anode circuits for saidthermionic devices connected with said reactors at different pointswhereby one at least of said anode circuits is supplied with operatingpotential different from that supplied to another of said anode circuitsfrom said current supply means.

10. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of an electrondischarge device having a plurality of electrodes, a power source forsupplying electricity to said discharge device, a plurality ofinductances mechanically distinct from each other acting as a filter forthe electricity supplied from said source, one of said inductancesconstituting the field producing means of a sound reproducing device,and a conductive connection from one of said electrodes to a pointbetween said inductances.

11. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of amplifying anddetecting means including a plurality of thermionic devices, a source ofoperating current, a plurality of filter inductances substantiallymechanically distinct from each other and connected to said source forsmoothing fluctuations of electricity supplied from said source, anodecircuits for saiii thermionic devices connected to said inductances andelectrically separated by one of said inductances, and a translatingdevice having a movable coil supplied from the output of said apparatusand having a field winding forming one of said inductances and actuatedsubstantially independently of the heating current energizing thecathodes of said thermionic devices.

12. In combination, a radio receiver including a plurality of electrondischarge devices, a power source connected between the anode andcathode electrodes of said discharge devices for supplying anodepotential thereto, a filter network, including a plurality ofinductances mechanically distinct from each other, connected tosaid.power source and said discharge'devices, an electrodynamic soundreproducer having an armature winding supplied with electrical impulsesfrom said radio receiver and'having a field wind: ing forming one ofsaid inductances, means including said field winding, in which a drop ofpotential is produced due to the flow of current in the said winding,and means whereby said first mentioned means will supply 2.correspondingly decreased voltage between the anode and cathode of anelectron discharge device in said apparatus in order to maintain avoltage between the said anode and said cathode of said last mentioneddischarge device different from that applied substantially independentlyof said field winding between the anode and the cathode of another ofsaid discharge devices.

13. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination'of a plurality ofelectron discharge devices provided with anode circuits, a power source,and an electrodynamic sound reproducer having field producing meanssupplied from said source and interposed wholly between two anodecircuits and arranged to serve as smoothing means for reducingfluctuations of the electricity supplied from said source to at leastone of said anode circuits, and, at the same time, to produce a fieldfor said sound reproducer, said field producing means having oneterminal connected to said power source and to one of said anodecircuits and having a second terminal connected to another of said anodecircuits whereby said field producing means is adapted also to maintainone of said anode circuits at a potential different from that suppliedsubstantially independently of said field producing means to another ofsaid anode circuits from said power source.

14. In a radio receiving system, the combination of operating currentsupply means, a plurality of electrical circuits having a common portionand including rectifying means and being supplied from said currentsupply means, said electrical circuits having a plurality of positiveoutput terminals, one'terminal being supplied from a rectifier electrodeseparate. and distinct from that supplying another output terminal,detecting and amplifying means including a plurality of electrondischarge devices having currentheated cathode and anode electrodes,said detecting means having an indirectly'heated cathode mechanicallydistinct from any element of said rectifying means, said dischargedevices being mounted in cascade in said apparatus, a translating deviceprovided with a movable coil adapted to be actuated by the output of thelastelectron discharge device of the cascade in said apparatus andhaving field producing means actuated independently of the heatingcurrent energizing the cathodes of a plurality of said dischargedevices, means connecting each of said electrical circuits to a numberof discharge device anodes in said apparatus, and means electricallyconnecting the said field producing means to a number of said electricalcircuits, whereby said electrical circuits supply anode positivepotential from said current supply means, and whereby a number of saidelectrical circuits supplies current from said current supply means tosaid field producing means for energizing the same.

15. In a radio receiving system, the combination of variable currentsupply means, a plurality of electrical circuits having a common portionand including current converting means, said electrical circuits havinga plurality of positive output terminals one output terminal beingsupplied from a current converter terminalseparate and distinct fromthat supplying another output terminal, detecting and amplifying meansincluding a plurality of cooperating electron discharge devices, one ofsaid discharge devices having an indirectly heated cathode connected toan anode through an anode circuit, another of said discharge devices.having a cathode connected to an anode through a part of one of saidelectrical circuits, the cathodes of said discharge devices beingmechanically distinct from said current converting means, circuitconnections for heating the cathodes of said electron discharge devicesfrom said current supply means, a translating device for translatingelectrical impulses into sound and having field producing means, meansconnecting each of said electrical circuits to a number of dischargedevice anodes in said apparatus, and means connecting saidfield-producing means to a number of said electrical circuits, wherebysaid electrical circuits supply anode positive potential and suppliedfrom said current supply means and including rectifying means, saidelectrical circuits having a plurality of positive output terminals oneterminal being supplied from a rectifier electrode separate and distinctfrom that supplying another output terminal, amplifying and detectingmeans including a plurality of cooperating electron discharge devicesmounted in cascade, one of said discharge devices having an indirectlyheated cathode connected to an anode through an anode circuit, anotherof said discharge devices having a cathode connected to an anode by apart of one of said electrical circuits, circuit connections for heatingthe cathodes of said electron discharge devices ,with alternatingcurrent, a translating device adapted to be actuated from the lastelectron discharge device of the cascade in said apparatus and havingfield-producing means electrically connected to a number of said elecitrical circuits and supplied therefrom, and means connecting each ofsaid' electrical circuits to a number of discharge device anodes in saidapparatus, whereby said field producing means aids in smoothing outpulsations in current supplied from said current supply means, andwhereby said electrical circuits supply anode rectified positivepotential from said current'supply means in said apparatus.

17. In a radio receiving system, the conibina tion of alternatingcurrent supply means, a plurality of electrical circuits having a commonelectrically conductive portion and including rectifying means suppliedfrom said alternating current supply means, said electrical circuitshaving a plurality of positive output terminals one terminal beingsupplied from a rectifier electrode separate and distinct from thatsupplying another output terminal, smoothing means connected to a numberof said electrical circuits, detecting and amplifying means including aplurality of cooperating electron discharge devices mounted in cascadeand having cold electrodes, one of said discharge devices having anindirectly heated cathode connected to a cold electrode by an electrodecircuit, another of said discharge devices having a cathode connected toa cold electrode through a part of one of said electrical circuits, saidindirectly heated cathode being mechanically distinct from saidrectifying means, a translating device for translating currentvariations delivered from the last electron discharge devices of thecascade in said apparatus into sound and having field producing means,means electrically connectingsaid fieldproducing means to.a number ofsaid electrical circuits, whereby'said last named number of electricalcircuits supplies rectified potential to said field producing means fromsaid current supply means, and means connecting the cold electrodes of aplurality of said discharge devices to a number of said electricalcircuits, whereby said last mentioned cold electrodes are supplied withrectified potential from said current supply means through a number ofsaid electrical circuits.

13. In a radio receiving system, the combination of a source ofoperating current, a plurality,

of electrical circuits having a common electrically conductive portionand including rectifying means supplied from said source, saidelectrical circuits having a plurality of positive output terminals oneterminal being supplied from an electrode of said rectifying means.distinct from that supplying another positive output terminal,amplifying and detecting means including a plurality of cooperatingelectron discharge devices having cathode and anode electrodes, a numberof said discharge devices having an indirectly heated cathode and ananode connected to one of said electrical circuits and having itselectrodes mechanically distinct from any element of said rectifyingmeans, another of said discharge devices having an anode conductivelyconnectedto one of said electrical circuits and supplied therefrom, anda translating device having an armature coil supplied from the output ofone of said discharge devices and having a field winding conductivelyconnected to one ofsaid electrical circuits and supplied therefrom.

19. In a radio receiving system, the combination of an electrondischarge device having electrodes including cathode, anode and grid, anelectrodynamic loud-speaker device having an actuating coil and a fieldwinding, means mechanically distinct from all the electrodes of saiddischarge device to effect a flow of current in said field winding andin said discharge device, a conductive impedance having at least aportion in, shunt to said fieldv winding, and connections between atleast two of the electrodes of said discharge device and points, atleast one of which is intermediate between the terminals of saidimpedance, between which points exists the potential difference appliedbetween said last mentioned electrodes.

20. In a radio receiving system, the combination of a plurality ofelectron discharge devices having thermionic cathodes and a pluralityof' cold electrodes; an electrodynamic sound reproducer having a movablecoil and a field winding, means mechanically distinct from all theelectrodes of said discharge devices for effecting a fiow of directcurrent in said field winding and for supplying operating potential to acold electrode of certain at least of said discharge devices, conductiveimpedance means having at least a portion in.shunt to said fieldwinding, and con- .nections from the cold electrodes of certain at leastof said discharge devices to points of said impedance means atpotentials suitably different in magnitude from that applied across saidfield winding.

21. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of a plurality ofelectron discharge devices having thermionic cathodes and a pluralityofcold electrodes, an electrodynamic sound reproducer having anactuating coil and a. field winding, means mechanically distinct fromthe electrodes of said discharge'devices for efiecting a fiow of directcurrent in said field winding and for supplying operating potential to acold electrode of certain at least of said discharge devices, conductiveimpedance means having at least a portion in shuntto said field winding,a connection from one side of said field winding to the cathodes ofcertain at least of said discharge devices, and connections between thecold electrodes of certain at least of said discharge devices andcertain points of said impedance means, whereby an operating voltage isapplied between the cathode and a cold electrode of one at least of saiddischarge devices different from that applied between the cathode andthe cold electrode of another of said discharge devices.

22. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of an electrondischarge device having a plurality of electrodes, an electrodynamictranslating device having field producing means, means mechanicallydistinct from the electrodes of said discharge device for energizingsaid field producing means and said discharge device, a resistancehaving at least a portion in shunt to saidffield producing means, and aconductive connection from one of said electrodes to a point between theterminals of said resistance.

23. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of an electrondischarge device havingelectrodes, an electrodynamic translating devicehaving field producing means, means mechanically distinct from theelectrodes of said discharge device for energizing said field producingmeans and at least one of the said electrodes, and a resistance devicehaving at least a portion in shunt to said field producing means andhaving a tap conductively connected, to one of said electrodes.

24. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of a plurality ofelectron discharge devices having electrodes, an electrodynamic soundreproducer having field producing means, means me- 100 chanicallydistinct from the electrodesof said discharge devices for energizingsaid field producing means and certain at least of said dischargedevices, resistance means having at least a portion in shunt to saidfield producing means, and tapped 105 appropriately to supply withelectricity a plurality of said electrodes.

25. In combination, a radio receiver including a plurality of electrondischarge devices having electrodes provided with circuits, anelectrody- 110 namic sound reproducer having field producing means, andconductive impedance means having at least a portion in shunt to saidfield producing means and being tapped appropriately to serve asavoltage divider for said' circuits.

26. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of a source ofcurrent, amplifying and detecting means including a plurality ofelectron discharge devices, rectifying means mechanically distinct fromthe electrodes of said discharge devices and supplied from said source,an electrodynamic sound reproducer having field producing means,conductive impedance means connected to said rectifying means andsupplied from said source, connections betweensaid field producing meansand points, one of which is intermediate the terminals of said impedancemeans, between which points exists a potential difierence applied tosaid field producing means, and means between said impedance means and anumber of said discharge devices for energizing the same from saidsource.

27. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of amplifying anddetecting means including a plurality of thermionic devices havingcathode and anode electrodes, the cathode of a number of said thermionicdevices being an indirectly heated cathode, a source of alternatingcurrent, rectifying means supplied from said source, impedance meansconnected to said rectifying means and to certain at least of saidthermionic devices for supplying suitable anode potential in saidapparatus fom said source through said rectifying means, a translatingdevice having a movable coil supplied from the output of said apparatusand having field producing means actuated substantially independently ofthe heating current energizing the cathodes of said thermionic devices,and means mechanically distinct from the means designed to supplycathode heating current to said rectifying means conductively connectingsaid source to said field producing means through said rectifyingmeans.v

28. In a radio receiving apparatus, the combination of a source ofcurrent, detecting and amplifying means including a plurality of spacedischarge devices, rectifying means supplied from said source, atranslating device having a movable coil actuated from the output of aspace discharge device in said. apparatus and having a field winding,resistance means connected to said rectifying means and to certain atleast of said discharge devices, means conductively connecting one sideof said field winding and one side of said resistance means to one pointof said source, and means conductively connecting a second side of saidfield winding and a second side of said resistance means to anotherpoint of said source independently of the filaments of said dischargedevices, whereby said source supplies current to said field winding andpositive anode potential in said apparatus.

29. In a radio receivingsystem, the combination of variable currentsupply means, an electrical circuit including current converting meanssupplied from said current supply means, amplifying and detecting meansincluding a plurality of cooperating electron discharge devices havingcathode and anode electrodes, a number of said discharge devices havingan indirectly heated cathode connected to an anode by an anode circuit,a translating device adapted to be actuated from one of said dischargedevices and having field producing means, said current converting meansbeing connected to said field producing means and to the anodeelectrodes of certainat least of said discharge devices, and a condenserconnected across the terminals of said field producing means, whereby"said current supply means supplies simultaneously current to said fieldproducing means and positive anode potential in said apparatus.

30. In a radio receiving system, the combination of alternating currentsupply means, current converting means supplied from said current supplymeans, amplifying and detecting means including a plurality ofcooperatingelectron discharge devices having cathode and anodeelectrodes, anumber ofsaid discharge devices having an produciugmeansand the cathode and anode electrodes of a plurality of said electrondischarge devices, and means mechanically distinct from the meansdesigned to supply cathode heating current to said current convertingmeans conductively connecting said current supply means to said currentconverting means and said field producing means, whereby both said fieldproducing means and the anodes of a plurality of said electron dischargedevices are simultaneously supplied from said alternating current supplymeans through said current converting means.

31. In combination, a radio receiver including an electr'ondischargedevice having a cathode and a screen grid, a power source for supplyingpotential to at least said grid, and an electrodynamic translatingdevice having a field winding connected to said power source and havinga tap connected to the said grid to maintain it at a suitable potentialwith respect to said cathode, said field winding being energized fromsaid power source. I

32. In combination, a radio receiver including an electron dischargedevice having a screen grid and a plurality of other electrodes, a powersource for supplying voltage to at least one of said electrodes, and anelectrodynamic sound reproducer having a field winding connected to saidpower source, said field winding having a tap connected 'to' said screengrid for maintaining a voltage difierence between said grid and a secondelectrode of said discharge device from said power source, said fieldwinding acting as a filter for the electricity supplied to at least oneof the electrodes of said discharge device.

33. In combination, a radio receiver including an electron dischargedevice having a cathode and a screen grid, a power source for supplyingpotential to at least said screen grid, and an electrodynamictranslating device having a field winding connected to said power sourceand energized therefrom, and a connection between said screen grid andsaid field winding whereby said screen grid is supplied with potentialfrom said power source .through said field winding.

34. In combination, a radio receiver including an electron dischargedevice having a screen grid and a plurality of other electrodes, a powersource for supplying voltage to at leastone of said electrodes, and anelectrodynamic sound reproducer having a field winding connected to saidpower source, and means-conductively connecting said field winding tosaid screen grid for maintaining a voltage difierence between saidscreen grid and a second electrode of said discharge device from saidpower source, said field winding acting as a filter for the electricitysupplied to said screen grid.

ARISTOTE MAVROGENIS.

